Introdução e Metodologia

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This review will discuss specifically the tumor infiltrate expression of PD-L1, an immune checkpoint molecule, in NSCLC and its potential as a predictive biomarker for PD-1/PD-L1 blocking immunotherapy.

2. Methods

2.1 Terms for search

4 Medical databases were selected for research: Pubmed, Scopus, Lilacs and Web of Science. Terms for search were used as free search and as controlled vocabulary thesaurus when possible (i.e. Pubmed).The terms used were:

-PDL1 and TUMOR INFILTRATING and BIOMARKER

-PDL1 and TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT and BIOMARKER

-PDL1 and TUMOR INFILTRATING and IMMUNOTHERAPY

-PDL1 and TUMOR INFILTRATING and IMMUNOTHERAPY

-PDL1 and MYELOID CELLS

-PDL1 and DENDRITIC CELLS

-PDL1 and MACROPHAGES

-PDL1 and LYMPHOCYTES and NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

-ANTIGENS, CD274 [MESH]) AND MYELOID CELLS [MESH]

-ANTIGENS, CD274 [MESH]) AND DENDRITIC CELLS [MESH].

-ANTIGENS, CD274"[MESH]) AND CARCINOMA, NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG [MESH]) AND TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT [MESH]

-TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT [MESH]) AND ANTIGENS, CD274 [MESH]

-LYMPHOCYTES, TUMOR-INFILTRATING[MESH]) AND ANTIGENS, CD274 [MESH]) AND CARCINOMA, NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG[MESH]

2.2 Exclusion Criteria

The criteria for exclusion were:

-Language of the article: Only articles written in Portuguese or English were selected

-Availability of access: articles should have free access or be available due University subscriptions

- Articles with titles or abstracts reporting PD-L1 in infection, autoimmunity or other types of cancer were also excluded

2.3 Inclusion Criteria

The criteria for inclusion were:

-Articles with adequate content, i.e, the expression and role of the molecule PD-L1 in the microenvironment (stroma and cells of the immune system) in context of non-small-cell lung cancer.

2.4 Results and diagrams

- Web of Science

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- Pubmed

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- Scopus

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- Results

Data Base

Number of articles retrieved

Pubmed

21

Scopus

11

Web of Science

4

Lilacs

0

Number after corrections and removal of duplicates

31

3. References

- Madureira P, de Mello RA, de Vasconcelos A, Zhang Y. Immunotherapy for lung cancer: for whom the bell tolls? Tumor Biology. 2015;36(3):1411-22.

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Reck M, Popat S, Reinmuth N, De Ruysscher D, Kerr KM, Peters S, et al. Metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology. 2014;25:27-39.

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Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. Global Cancer Statistics, 2012. Ca-a Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2015;65(2):87-108.

- Schiller JH, Harrington D, Belani CP, Langer C, Sandler A, Krook J, et al. Comparison of four chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2002;346(2):92-8.

- DeVita VT Jr, Rosenberg SA. Two hundred years of cancer research. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jun 7;366(23):2207

- Rangachari D, Brahmer JR. Targeting the Immune System in the Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Current Treatment Options in Oncology. 2013;14(4):580-94.

- Ruiz R, Hunis B, Raez LE. Immunotherapeutic Agents in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Finally Coming to the Front Lines. Current Oncology Reports. 2014;16(9).

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Mahoney KM, Rennert PD, Freeman GJ. Combination cancer immunotherapy and new immunomodulatory targets. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 2015;14(8):561-84.

- Wolchok JD, Kluger H, Callahan MK, Postow MA, Rizvi NA, Lesokhin AM, et al. Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine. 2013;369(2):122-33.

- Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Grob JJ, Cowey CL, Lao CD, et al. Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab or Monotherapy in Untreated Melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;373(1):23-34.

- Pardoll DM. The blockade of immune checkpoints