A PERDA AUDITIVA INDUZIDA POR RUÍDO

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Palavras-chave: Perda auditiva induzida por ruído. Ruído. Perda Auditiva. Trabalhadores. Ruído ocupacional.

ABSTRACT

The Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) related to work is characterized by a gradual decrease in hearing acuity from continued exposure to high noise levels, by changing sensorineural irreversible, often bilateral, hearing thresholds, in the internal structure of the cochlea and the degeneration of hair cells in the organ of Corti. The effects of noise can be further divided into temporary change threshold (MTL), a permanent change of the threshold (MPL) and acoustic trauma, may also cause undesired auditory, or adverse effects on various physiological functions and having different reactions with characteristics. From there with the workers' exposure to noise has become more intense over the years and with the many activities in which the noise assailed more workers, then created a law for workers in that their activities were made in unhealthy ways such as noise. In Brazil, starting from 1978 was created by the Ministry of Labor Standards Regulatory (NR) of the Consolidation of Labor Laws related to safety and occupational medicine. Given the risks caused by exposure to noise is becoming necessary to the implementation of hearing conservation programs regulated by NR 9, with the fundamental purpose of preserving health and physical integrity of workers, as well as control the occurrence of risks present or future exist in the environment. In this context, this work emerged the following problem: What are the risks and biological effects on existing occupational noise exposure? The objective of this research was through the research bibliographies on the subject, understand how it operates mainly hearing loss in workers suffering from occupational hearing loss, but also understand how the damage to the auditory system of professionals who are continuously exposed to noise studying the biophysical phenomena of sound and how they directly interfere with our hearing organ and highlight the occupational order measures aimed at conserving workers' hearing. The methodology used was literature research using as a source for data collection literature books, reference works, journal articles, completion of course work and dissertations related to the proposed theme, the database as SciELO, BIREME, LILACS, between other.

Keywords: noise-induced hearing loss.Noise.Hearing Loss. Workers.Occupational noise.

SUMÁRIO

INTRODUÇÃO ..........................................................................................................................

CAPÍTULO 1

ASPECTOS CONCEITUAIS DE AUDIOLOGIA .................................................................

- Anatomia e fisiologia da audição ....................................................................................

- O som ................................................................................................................................

- Ondas sonoras ...................................................................................................................

1.3.1 Decibel dB ...................................................................................................................

- Faixa de audição humana ..................................................................................................

- Som x ruído .......................................................................................................................

CAPÍTULO 2

O RUÍDO E SUAS CARACTERÍSTICAS .............................................................................

2.1 Conceitos e definições sobre ruído .....................................................................................

2.2 Tipos de ruído .....................................................................................................................

2.2.1 Faixas de frequência do ruído .....................................................................................

2.2.2 Limites de tolerância à exposição de ruído .................................................................

CAPÍTULO 3

EFEITOS DA EXPOSIÇÃO DO RUÍDO NO ORGANISMO .............................................

3.1 Efeitos Auditivos ................................................................................................................

3.1.1 Trauma acústico .........................................................................................................

3.1.2 Mudança temporária no limiar ou fadiga auditiva (TTS) ...........................................

3.1.3 Perda auditiva por ruído (PAIR) ou mudança permanente no limiar (PTS) ..............

3.2 Efeitos não-auditivos ..........................................................................................................

CAPÍTULO 4

A PERDA AUDITIVA E MEDIDAS DE PREVENÇÃO E REABILITAÇÃO .................

4.1 Considerações iniciais ...........................................................................................................

4.1.1 Tipos de perda auditiva ..............................................................................................

4.1.2 Classificação da perda auditiva ..................................................................................

4.1.3 Características da perda auditiva induzida por ruído (PAIR) .....................................

4.1.4 Trabalhadores da área industrial e a perda auditiva induzida por ruído (PAIR) .......